The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is constantly mutating. As a result, vaccines become less effective and need to be regularly adapted. This was the case in 2025 with the JN.1 variant. An interdisciplinary team from Hannover and Göttingen has now investigated how the immune system responds to adapted vaccines. The findings were published in Nature Communications.

Most antibiotics used clinically are based on natural compounds produced by bacteria and other microorganisms. At the Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), researchers are using soil-dwelling myxobacteria as a source of new active ingredients. They are able to discover new active compounds primarily in bacteria that have not yet been extensively studied. Through decades of work, a HIPS research team has significantly expanded the biological diversity of myxobacteria. They are now making these microorganisms and their genetic data available to the entire research community, as they provide the basis for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. The researchers published their findings in the journal Advanced Science.

At first glance, mucus sounds more unpleasant than essential. In fact, it forms an important protective layer on our mucous membranes: It transports dirt, bacteria, and viruses out of the body and makes it difficult for pathogens to penetrate our cells in the first place. Prof. Christian Sieben, head of the research group “Nano Infection Biology” at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), is studying this crucial moment in an infection in great detail. Using state-of-the-art microscopy, he observes individual virus particles and investigates how they interact with our cells. In this episode of InFact, he explains how respiratory viruses overcome our natural barriers and why influenza viruses in particular have significant pandemic potential.