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In the 1950s, researchers discovered bottromycins – natural substances produced by bacteria with antibiotic activity. Since these substances even kill human pathogens such as the hospital germ MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus), they are of interest for drug development. After the discovery of bottromycins, it took until 2012 before researchers from the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and its Saarbrücken location, the Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), were able to identify the genes that bacteria need to form bottromycins. Now they were able to further unravel the underlying reactions in the bacterial cells.